The upcoming Fedora release includes a change proposed by Peter Robinson and yours truly, that disables all the Frame Buffer Device (fbdev) drivers in the Linux kernel package.
This means that starting from Fedora 36, only DRM/KMS drivers will be used.
Many Linux developers have been arguing for over a decade now that fbdev is deprecated and it has been almost 7 years since the previous fbdev maintainer said that no new fbdev drivers would be added to the kernel. So this feels like a change long overdue.
This was possible thanks to the work of Thomas Zimmermann @ SUSE, who added the simpledrm driver, that exposes the system framebuffer set-up by the firmware as a DRM device.
Using the simpledrm driver, a framebuffer would be available even if the platform does not have a DRM driver or the user disables it using the nomodeset kernel command-line parameter.
Before this change, the video drivers used when DRM drivers were disabled with the nomodeset parameter, where either efifb (for systems booted with EFI) or vesafb (for systems booted with legacy BIOS and a VESA video mode selected on boot using the vga kernel command line parameter).
The need to rely on the system framebuffer initialized by the firmware was the primary reason why these fbdev drivers were still enabled in the Fedora kernel.
But the simpledrm replaces both, since is able to expose any system framebuffer, as long as platform code pass it as a proper I/O memory region for the driver to use it.
That includes not only the EFI system framebuffer provided through the Graphics Output Protocol (GOP and the VESA framebuffer configured with the vga parameter, but also framebuffers whose information is passed to the kernel through other hardware description mechanisms. For example, as a “simple-framebuffer” Device Tree node, which is common on aarch64 devices.
Even when no fbdev drivers are used anymore, the fbdev subsystem is still enabled. This is needed because the The Framebuffer Console (fbcon) needs an fbdev device to bind. But fortunately the DRM subsystem provides a generic fbdev emulation layer, so DRM drivers can also provide a fbdev interface for fbcon (or even to user-space that still expects an fbdev device to work).
While working on this, we found that a lot of assumptions made all over the stack were no longer true once simpledrm was used instead of {efi,vesa}fb. So changes were needed in the Linux kernel, Plymouth, GDM, Xorg, etc.
But that will be a topic for another post since this one got too long already!